The former player: 'I wanted to carry on playing'
Warning: This piece contains details of discriminatory language and behaviour
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell states that going public to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby led his career to an early conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"That was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's allegations were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially overlooked for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him earn 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where your shackles were."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "increased scrutiny at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"The organization has given considerable focus on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"The organization are ongoing work with teams and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and PWR club now has in-person education on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization works to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as excellent as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I grab the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the potential to transform their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to previous team Northampton in November 2022